Social Media And The Small Business

Social Media And The Small Business Social media has gained significant momentum as a business tool in the past five years. In the following study will analyze how selected small businesses currently use social media, how the businesses may expand the use of the social media medium and precautions small businesses should consider when utilizing social media. The business owners interviewed for the research study vary in their product and service offerings: personal training, music, systems consulting and a karaoke machine retailer. The conclusion of the research will include recommendations for how small businesses may consider the utilization of social media as a strategy to gain or maintain competitive advantage. Social Media and the Small Business Purpose of the Report Social media outlets such as Facebook, LinkedIn, MySpace and Twitter have widespread, worldwide popularity. According to Facebooks Press Room statistics, there are over 300 million Facebook active users worldwide, and more than six billion minutes are spent each day, by users, online (Facebook, 2009). The allure of social networking is tremendous, making it possible for people to connect globally, with ease and free of charge. Many small businesses utilize social media as a marketing tool because it costs nothing and it reaches a large audience. The purpose of this study is to reveal the strategic implications social media and networking provide for small businesses seeking competitive advantage. The research team will first analyze how social media advertising differs from traditional marketing and advertising. Interviews conducted with four small businesses, currently using social media sites, will identify how they currently use social media in terms of marketing. The conclusion o f the report will include recommendations for how small businesses should utilize social media for competitive advantage. Background of the Topic In order to conduct a study on social media and networking, the concept of social media and social networking must first be defined. S. Boyd, of Socialmedia.biz states, Social Media are those forms of publishing that are based on a dynamic interaction, a conversation, between the author and active readers, in contrast with traditional broadcast media where the audience is a passive consumer of content' (Boyd, 2009). Through the social media platforms, such as Facebook.com, MySpace.com, LinkedIn.com, and Twitter.com, users create connections, or networks, as further explained by Laudon, Social networking is the practice of expanding the number of ones business or social contacts by making connections through individuals. Social networking sites link people through their mutual business or personal connections, enabling then to mine the friends (and their friends friends) for sales leads, job-hunting tips, or new friends. MySpace.com. Facebook.com, and Friendster.com are for people who are primarily interested in extending their friendships, while LinkedIn.com focuses on job networking (Laudon, 2009, p. 417). Social networking stems from a persons desire to connect and interact with others who may be related or share similar interests. Private and public forums were the first form of social networking on the Internet (Borders, 2009). Created in the 1990s, they quickly grew in popularity, spurring millions of community sites where people logged in and conducted discussions, typically around specific topics of a special interest website. Around the same time, real-time chat applications came into play, like ICQ and AOL instant messenger. The real-time chat option required users to log onto a website or download an application to talk to other people who were online at the same time. Blogging gained popularity as well, and these online diaries were put on sites like LiveJournal.com and WordPress.com. In the late 1990s, SixDegrees introduced the first social networking website that allowed the user to create a profile and trace friendships through people (Borders, 2009). SixDegrees premise was that individuals are all connected to each other somehow though direct and indirect relationships. By connecting with friends and family, then connecting with friends of friends and family members, the platform enabled users to meet new friends and potential love interests through a network. It had short-lived popularity, followed closely by Friendster in 2002, an online community that connects people through networks of friends for dating or making new friends. (Borders, 2009). Since its conception, Friendster has become well known in the Asian communities, and in the United States newer social media forms have replaced it, such as MySpace, Facebook, LinkedIn and, more recently, Twitter. The popularity of a given social media site and the abandonment of another appears to be connected to a sites functionality. Six Degrees gave way to Friendster, which was then replaced by MySpace because the earlier social media platforms had slow server speeds, and once the initial novelty of connecting with friends and family wore off, there was little else to do on the sites. With both Six Degrees and Friendster, users lost interest. MySpace and, later, Facebook offered more, not only to individuals, but functions that businesses could utilize for little to no cost. MySpace.com launched in January 2004, and now has over 65 million users in the U.S. alone. According to the creators of MySpace.com, it is a technology company connecting people through personal expression, content, and culture. MySpace empowers its global community to experience the Internet through a social lens by integrating personal profiles, photos, videos, mobile, messaging, games and the worlds largest music community. MySpace was the first site to allow users to explore public profiles, and users could utilize it as a virtual bulletin board to post information, pictures, music and video. Like Friendster, MySpace offers its users the ability to customize their personal pages, making the site very popular among teenagers and those in their twenties. As a business platform, bands and filmmakers use the site because of its ability to post material and get instantaneous feedback from known and unknown MySpace users. In less than three years, it became one of the most popular webs ites on the World Wide Web (Random History, No Author, 2008). TheFacebook.com also started in 2004 at Harvard University, as a personal network between students. It quickly extended to other universities and then in 2005, it became Facebook.com, garnering worldwide recognition. Facebook appeals to a different audience than MySpace, focusing on navigation capabilities and a uniform appearance in contrast to the high degree of variability displayed on MySpace. Users have access to free games, videos, links, and fan pages that continue to grow daily. The companys overview states, Facebooks mission is to give people the power to share and make the world more open and connected. Millions of people use Facebook everyday to keep up with friends, upload an unlimited number of photos, share links and videos, and learn more about the people they meet. Fan pages are becoming increasingly popular on the Facebook site. This is a page made by a business, cause, or individual that users may connect to as a fan. The fan page is then displayed through an indivi duals profile to his connections, and that individual may encourage his connections to also connect to the fan page. A fan page allows for an individual to post information about her business separately from her personal page. For users in search of a business networking platform, LinkedIn.com is a professional social media website. First launched in 2003, users may add business contacts, provide recommendations and create a strong business network. The LinkedIn mission states, Relationships Matter and that Your professional network of trusted contacts gives you an advantage in your career, and is one of your most valuable assets (LinkedIn, 2009). LinkedIn provides value to the small business because it allows for an individual to share professional information with people he does business with, and make contacts with an associates network through introductions or an InMail function. Twitter.com is a combination of previous networking sites. It is a mini blog that has the ability of active updating to Facebook, which also has SMS or instant-messaging capabilities. The original concept of Twitter was initially inspired by the concept of an away-message merged with the freedom and mobility of [Short Messaging Service] SMS. Twitter began as an experiment in 2006. When value as an instant communication network during shared events like earthquakes, conferences, and festivals emerged, Twitter began to grow (Milstein, 2009). The goal of a tweet is to get a point across in 140 characters. Twitter allows individuals and businesses to broadcast an announcement or status in real time. It enables users to pick whos information they want to follow, who they want to allow to follow them, and if they want to be a part of any groups that they might find interesting. MySpace, Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter are just a sample of social media formats available to todays Internet users. Through social media, individuals and businesses find a way to connect on a virtual platform. People spend hours surfing pages, checking out other members, and exchanging messages and they reveal a great deal of information about themselves. Businesses harvest this information to create carefully targeted promotions that far surpass the typical text and display ads found on the web. They also use the sites to interact with potential customers. The ability to deliver digital goods and digital content over the Web has created a new alternative to traditional print publications and broadcast media (Laudon, 2009, p. 417). For the analysis of how small businesses may use social networking, MySpace, Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter are the focus in this study. Discussion of Current Issues Social media is a popular marketing medium for small businesses because it costs little to nothing. A. Gooding, owner of Inspire Fitness, states that she chooses her advertising media based on anything that is free. I use Facebook, word of mouth, and I write a column for our local paper. I have handed out fliers at schools, and I have had a booth at a local health fair. Im also a contestant for Best of Western Washington, personal trainers, and even if I dont win, its great publicity (Appendix A). When asked about how he advertises, Rex James Bands co-founder, D. Powell replied, Were doing [Facebook], Hotmail, [MySpace], newsletter, website, Sonic Bids for bands, help you get bids, help you update your calendar. Artist Direct just recently currently in BETA currently free, they have a lot of cool tools to format calendar and they update [Facebook] and [MySpace] for you one stop shop. (Appendix D). For R. Mickler of Mickler and Associates, I chose Twitter because of its phenom-qua lity and its growth its fairly popular and has the greatest sticking power out of all of them, I think. I chose LinkedIn because its a more professional site than Facebook, and conveys the professional information in a way that I can control (Appendix C). Small businesses have limited advertising budgets, and social media provides a free venue for marketing. In addition to being free, social media provides an interactive forum for the small business to meet its customers. In traditional advertising, the advertiser broadcasts to an audience, but does not get immediate feedback. Social media facilitates a conversation between the small business and its customers. It is through these conversations that social media provides a business to consumer electronic commerce (B2C). B2C involves retailing products and services to individual shoppers (Laudon 2009, p. 420). Social media provides a forum where businesses may start a conversation with potential clients, creating a relationship that allows for both the business and customer to decide if and when they will do business together. Unlike large businesses, a small business may not have the capacity to serve a large customer base. When asked about his business growth, Mickler responded, Ill start from 2004 I acquire about 7-10 additional customers a year (roughly a 15-20% growth rate) and thats been fairly consistent. Growth rate is tricky for a company my size: too much growth and Id have to hire a staff, and thats not in my business plan; too little growth and I cant keep up with attrition and my competitors. Generally, 20-percent of my customer base are cornerstone assets that I spend my most time with. The other eighty-percent are potentially new cornerstones (Appendix C). A business like Mickler and Associates must be able to be selective about who it sends its marketing message to, because the businesss size limits the number of clients who may be helped at any given time. In traditional advertising, a marketing message is broadcast through radio, television or print. In the past, to prevent an overwhelmi ng response to advertising, a small business may have selected a direct marketing campaign to communicate with past and potential clients. Social media allows businesses to decide whom they want to advertise to, essentially picking out their niche market. On Facebook through a profile they can provide information to friends family, with the creation of a fan page they can push it a bit further as friends of friends view profiles. Twitter allows a business to be selective on who gets messages, or a business can join groups to help get their name out there. LinkedIn allows businesses to connect through their colleagues, so that they are only offering their services to those already a part of their network. Growth is not the only element a small business may want to control. If an individual starts a home-based business, the business owner wants to know her clients. Social media provides a means to communicate directly with friends and friends friends, rather than casting a wide net. According to A. Gooding, Because I have a gym studio in my house, I am very careful with whom I hire as clients. Therefore, I would much rather market to those who I know, in hopes they know someone who needs a personal trainer (Appendix A). Gooding created a fan page on Facebook and invited her friends and family members to connect to the page. As friends of friends also connected to the page, she could learn more about the potential clients by looking at their profile information or asking friends and family about the person. For a small business that wants more exposure, search engine optimization (SEO) is a benefit of social media presence. Search engines started on the Internet as simple keyword indexes of all the pages they visited (Laudon 2009, p. 293). In 1998, the launch of Google introduced a new facet to the index, This search engine was different; Not only did it index each Web pages words but it also ranked search results based on the relevance of each page (Laudon 2009, p. 293). As search engines continue to evolve, small businesses benefit from appearing in unsponsored search links (links that were not paid for), because the more presence a small business has on the Internet, the more likely it will appear in a keyword search. The Rex James Band recognizes the benefit of more exposure, The more places your music and keywords are on the Internet, the better chance people will find you on the Internet and search engines can correctly categorize your website with the keywords when people do sear ches, this is all part of a technique that large companies spend millions on each year to increase their search engine ratings (Appendix D). We see this in Russell Micklers experience as well, Its very useful. Content pushes more search engine results my way, making me look like a good authority, and that improves people finding me on the web (Appendix C). The small business owners interviewed for this study largely described the benefits of social networking, but there are negative aspects in the utilization of social media. L. Nguyen of VitekUSA explains why he will not use MySpace, There are just too many ads on that people dont pay attention to any type of advertisement. I believe people are programmed to filter out any type of ads on MySpace (Appendix B). The sites, while free for users, need to make money to support growth and development. One key way the online social media sites make money is through paid advertising. On MySpace, animated banner ads run along the top and side of a users profile. As a result, the user is bombarded with advertisements, and eventually learns to ignore them. Nguyens concern raises the question regarding how long it will be before Facebook users ignore business fan pages, because the person feels bombarded with marketing messages. Nguyen states that he feels multi-level networking is the best busine ss model, but when asked if he would expand his use of social media, he replies, My long term advertising strategy is to push more advertisement on forums and blogs that has to do with karaoke, less of social media (Appendix B). Another negative aspect of social media is the potential loss of an individuals privacy because much of the information placed on a social media web site is publically available through search engines. R. Siciliano, an internet security analyst, writes, Privacy issues and identity theft in social media are a growing concern. Most people who post their personal information about themselves do not recognize the potential consequences of their actions, or maybe they simply dont care if their entire life is an open book (Siciliano, Huffington Post, 2009). Gooding mentioned that her use of advertising on Facebook is strictly targeted towards friends and friends friends, because she conducts business from a home-based gym. However, friends of friends friends also have the ability to view some content she posts, diminishing the security of her page, should she use her personal page to promote her business. To limit the information available to those interested in her business, Gooding creat ed an Inspire Fitness fan page. Fan pages allow anyone who is interested to link to a companys profile, but not access an individuals personal information. Finally, there is the risk of misleading or controversial information on social media sites that may present risks to a business. Social media is largely unregulated. Users of Twitter, for example, may face lost business or legal troubles if a disgruntled client voices an opinion that is defamatory. Entertainer, Courtney Love, is being sued by a clothing designer for posting 140 character rants about the designer, including name calling such as liar and thief. The designer alleges her business has suffered due to Loves posts (Reuters, March 2009). And, while Facebook and MySpace creators encourage users to report abuse of the sites, it does not prevent the presence of controversial content. [MySpace has] many teenage subscribers [who] post suggestive photos of themselves and lie about their age. About one-fourth of all MySpace users are registered as minors under 18 years of age, but that number could be larger. Parents, politicians, and police worry that sexual predators use MySpace to stalk potential victims (Laudon, 2009, 418). Recommendations The interactive relationships developed between customers and businesses through social media provide businesses with a competitive advantage. When used wisely, social media enables the small business to gather information about and respond to customer needs faster than through traditional marketing. The key to obtaining and maintaining competitive advantage through social media is to find a medium that is manageable and positively reflects the product or service offered. When a business does not select the correct venue, the advertising may lose value or tarnish a companys image. For the Rex James Band, MySpace provides a platform for sharing music and allows the band to interact with its fans. It appeals to a twenty-something audience, as well as other bands and entertainers. But, because of the ability to post messages on a connections page, businesses that use MySpace and Facebook must monitor their pages frequently, and remove posts that may offend or dissuade potential customer s. A high-traffic, highly interactive platform like MySpace or Facebook would not work for a professional service, like Mickler and Associates, who may desire testimonials, but not a steady stream wall posts that require frequent attention. Mickler wisely selected LinkedIn to reflect his business image of professionalism and uses Twitter as a real-time interactive tool to engage current and potential customers. Once a small business selects an appropriate social media platform, it should make initial connections with people already familiar with the company or product. If a small business asks current customers to add the fan page to their social media, not only will other customers see it, but their friends and other contacts will see it as well. This phenomenon of obtaining business through social networking is called word-by-mouse rather then word-of-mouth advertising. D. Scott, author of Viral Marketing Success explains Word-of-mouse is the single most empowering tool available to marketers today (Scott 2008, p. 8). He provides an example of how the process worked for the opening of the new Harry Potter theme park for Universal Orlando. C. Gordon, the Vice President of New Media and Marketing Partnerships, did not broadcast the event in a traditional manner through television or print. Gordon and her counterpart at Warner Bros. chose to launch The Wizarding World of Harry Potter by firs t telling the exciting news to a very small group of rabid fanThese seven [fans] were invited to participate in a top-secret Webcast held at midnight on May 31, 2007. (Scott, 2008, p. 6 7). By relaying the announcement through seven die-hard fans, then family and friends, previous customers and bloggers, Gordon reached an audience 350 million through social media. Powell describes how word of mouse benefits Rex James on MySpace, You can get new contacts without spending any effort, people will find you if you are participating in the same circles, and with a little bit of effort you can build your friend lists greatly in a short time (Appendix D). A business owner must make the decision on how much or how little online exposure he desires to obtain. On Facebook, business owners may elect to steer current and potential customers to a fan page. The fan page gains a following through word-of-mouse networking, and a dedicated business page will keep the focus on the business, rather than the business owners personal information. Social media users must also remember that once they publicize their pages, it is open to anyone that performs a web search. For example, when performing a search for Inspire Fitness on Facebook, both the Inspire Fitness fan page and Goodings personal page appear in the search results. If Gooding prefers to be excluded from the search results, she would need to remove all references to Inspire Fitness on her personal page. Business owners should perform frequent searches on Google and Yahoo search engines to observe what content are in the public forums. A business owner may also elect to receive email or mobile text alerts when their name or their business name makes a new appearance in a search engine. For a new business trying to create a presence on social media site, like Twitter, online resources can help. Geekpreneurs Geeks Guide to Promoting Yourself with Twitter, provides several tips for obtaining followers, and driving followers to the business web page. When asked if he would explore social media options beyond Facebook, L. Nguyen responded, My long term advertising strategy is to push more advertisement on forums and blogs that has to do with karaoke, less of social media (Appendix B). Rather than abandoning social media, Nguyen should consider establishing a website and utilize Twitter to drive business to him. A savvy business owner understands that the social networking mediums are ever-evolving. According to d. boyd, Online communities are more like nation-states than technological tools. There is a master behind the architecture, a master who controls the walls of the system and can wage war on her/his people at any point. People know this. They have to trust that the creators have their best intentions in mind. They invest a lot of time and energy into creating an identity in the system they want to believe that it is worth it (boyd, 2006). If a social media site fails to meet the changing expectations of its users, people will move on to another medium that serves their needs. For the small business, depending on social media to obtain and retain customers, it is important to watch the interaction between the creators of the media sites and the users. A small business should not count on any one platform to carry its marketing message because social media sites will come and go. Conclusion The initial intent of this study was to find ways social media could help small businesses compete with larger businesses. As the research progressed, the project team realized small businesses do not typically want to compete with larger businesses, but social media gives them key advantages in their target markets. Some of the businesses interviewed had already found appropriate social media platforms, experiencing success in reaching their intended customers. For businesses not connecting with their target audiences to the degree desired, the recommendations resulting from the project teams research may provide social media solutions not previously explored. Regardless of the solution selection, small businesses must be flexible, as new technology and online platforms evolve rapidly. While social medias advertising benefits small businesses through low or no-cost marketing, it should still only be a small part of what makes up a larger marketing plan. Through the project teams res earch, the study concludes that the best business practice is to find multiple ways to connect to customers and always deliver on the companys promise.

The AKA language was protected from outside influence Essay

The writer started his article by describing a group of people called Tuvans, who lives in a remote area in the Republic of Tuva, in Russian Federation. The importance of this group came from the fact that they are speaking Tuvan, a language consider by linguists to be among a group of languages that are considered to be on the edge of extinction because of the low numbers of people that speak it. The earth population speak approximately 7000 languages. Tuvan is among the 3500 small languages that are spoken only by 8. 25 million people in the entire world, which is a very low fraction of the seven billion people who inhabit the earth. On the other hand, seventy eight percent of the earth population are speaking only 85 languages, Mandarin, Spanish, and English are among the top spoken languages on the globe. Linguist predicted that in the next century almost half of the spoken languages may vanish, and at this point more than 1000 languages are considered on the extinction. The writer mentioned the reasons that lead to this languages dilemma. He mentioned the effect of the dominant languages, that controls communications and commerce, on the small one that do not have any defense mechanism, like television or currency, to protect its existence. Because of that the people of Tuva must speak Russian or Chinese if they want to stay in contact with the outside world. The writer then mentioned another endangered languages known as AKA, the native language of AKA people in Plaizi a small village in India. The writer describe its people as a very self-dependent people that produce everything they need in their daily life. The AKA language was protected from outside influence because of the location of the village that makes it very difficult for outsiders to reach it. The authors then described two trends in the field of linguistics. The first one is based on the theory of Noam Chomsky who mentioned that all languages came from one single origin which is fixed in the human genes. The second trend is the increase interest in small endangered languages around the world, and how the field linguists are interested in idiosyncrasies that distinguish each language from the others and the cultural effects on it. There are 85 percent of the needs to be documented in order to understand it, and the main reason for this documentation comes from the fact that each language contains unique human experiences that reveals many aspects of life . The writer declared very important point regarding the loss of any language. His main idea was based on the fact that every language contains a valuable information about the culture and the knowledge that accumulated from generation to generation in this culture. The author gave us another example of vanishing languages which is the Cmiique Itiom, a language used by the Seri in Mexico and how their language contains the knowledge that is important for all humans. Cmiique Itiom managed to preserved its original form without any outside interference . The Seri managed to keep their language untouched mainly because their hostility to the outsiders. Even the modern commodities likes cars the Seri managed to bring it to their culture but they used for it a unique names that merged from their own language so they never used there Spanish names. The writer mentioned a way to preserved the vanishing languages which is to: â€Å"†¦ enshrine it in writing and compile a dictionary. †. He gave an examples for linguists that worked in those kind of projects like David Harrison and Greg Anderson who compiled the first Tuvan- English dictionary. Also, Steve and Cathay Marlett who worked to finish Cmiique Itiom dictionary, but the writer mentioned very important point which is stated in page 86 : â€Å"But saving a language is not something linguists can accomplish, because salvation must come from within. †. The salvation must come from the people who are using this language by teaching it to the next generation, and also by using dictionaries and books to preserve it and keeping it active as long there is something to speak about it. Writer Choices The writer starts his article by using a story as a hook for the readers, to grab their attention for the rest of the article, and he kept telling the readers different stories about the people he met during his travel. The writer also used creative language ,like figurative language which includes metaphor in many places in the article, and he also used compare and contrast in many other places . Numbers was used by the writers to support his main idea, he mentioned a specific numbers related to the languages in the first page. Visuals aid had been used by the writer to illustrate the subject of his article in a very professional way, yet it was very simple and effective, we can see that from the beautiful pictures for all the people that he met during his trip. Reflection on the Reading Process I found the article hard to read at the beginning, but after using SQ4R and reading the article in class for many times it became much easier for me to understand, and this make the whole process of reading very interesting. The language used not always clear, with difficult word as shown below: Nomadic: roaming about from place to place aimlessly, frequently, or without a fixed pattern of movement. Proselytize: to try to persuade people to join a religion, cause, or group. Dwindle: to gradually become smaller. Thatch: to make (a roof) with dried plant material (called thatch). Supplant: to supersede (another) especially by force or treachery. Atelier: a room where an artist works. Propitious: likely to have or produce good results. Reading process included: Skimming and Skamming ,summarize the article and annotate the key points in it, and SQ4R. Reaction Languages is the soul of human civilizations. The connection between the two of them is very similar to the relationship between human soul and body because without the sole the body will surely collapse because humans need their soul to drive the physical body and to keep him from perishing. In contrast, language plays the same role in people collective awareness about their on existence in the society and culture. Language is the invisible glue that hold the culture pieces together, and without this glue everything will collapse. It’s the strong foundation that up hold the society structures and grant it the strength to resist any outside threats. Why the language is so important? Because it’s the memory of the society. This memory is the experiences and knowledge that transferred from generation to generation until it reached this point in time, and no it will very hard to live without our memories. Losing any language would be similar to someone who lost his own memory. The only thing he can do is to embrace a new experiences and knowledge, and to start accumulating new memories about his new life. Unfortunately, it is the same thing for languages, when the people abandon their own language in favor for new ones they will lose their cultural experiences and knowledge. They will eventually lose their own identity that distinguished them from the rest of humans. Finally, losing any language on earth would be a lost for humanity in general because we will lose our diversity that make life on earth interesting . I think life with one color would be very tedious, and for life to be interesting it should contain whole spectrum of color. Spinoff Topics One of the spinoff topics would be a to study the individuals that abandon their own language and how they adopt with their new languages and cultures.

Let There Be Light Lamp Shade Company

According to Murphy & Wood (2011), Let There Be Light Lamp Shade Company serves an upscale local market and is currently placing a bid for several public buildings in Asia. Total of 5,400 identical lights will be installed and delivered to the foreign port where the buyer would take possession. Let There Be Light Lamp Shade Company has three styles of lamp shades. In order to determine the best possible bid, the company will determine how many lamp shades can fit in the intermodal container and the total cost of delivering for style A, B, and C lamp shades. The interior dimensions of the intermodal container are 8 feet wide by 8. 5 feet high by 40 feet long and can hold up to 44,000 pounds per loaded container (Murphy & Wood, 2011). The intermodal container could hold 2,560 style A lamp shades because it holds 2,720 cubic feet, however, the top six inches cannot be used. The style B shades can be stacked two packages high with the square foot on the bottom. Each column could hold 12 shades and there can be a total of 320 (8 x 40) columns of 12. In terms of style B, the intermodal container could hold 3,840 lamp shades without exceeding the weight. Style C shades can be stacked the same ways as style B and a container could hold 320 columns of 20, totaling 6,400 lamp shades. However, this would exceed the 44,000 pound weight limit. To stay under the weight limit, the number of lamp shades the container could hold is 4,356 lamp shades (10. 1 the weight of one lamp shade divided by 44,000). The total cost of delivering of each style of lamp shades can be calculated by adding the cost of the lamp shade being manufactured, packaged, shipped, insurance, and ocean freight rates. For style A lamp shade, the cost of 5,400 lamp shades to be manufactured is $21,600 ($4 x 5,400). Packaging style A lamp shades is $0. 60 per lamp shade for a total of $3,240. The lamp shades will need to be shipped to the Port of Oakland, which will cost $3,000 ($1,000 per load). The cost of insurance for shipping style A lamp shades is $556. 80 because the total cost of the company at this point is $27,840 times 2% of the value of the shipment. The cost of ocean freight rates is $2,970. Adding the figures together brings the total costs of delivering for style A shades to the port of importation to $31,366. 80. Style B lamp shades cost $5 per lamp shade for a total cost of $27,000. The packaging of the style B lamp shade is $1,800 ($2 x 900). It will take two loads to the Port of Oakland for a total of $2,000. Insurance for style B lamp shade will cost $616 because the total cost thus far is $30,800 time 2% of the value of the shipment. The ocean freight rate cost is $1,960; for a total cost of delivering of $33,376. For style C lamp shades, the cost per shade for manufacturing is $6 for a total of $32,400 and the total packaging cost is $1,620. Again, two loads will be needed to deliver to the Port of Oakland for a total of $2,000. The insurance for style C lamps shades is $720 ($36,020 x . 02). The ocean freight rate cost is $1,238. The total cost of deliver the style C shades to the port of importation is $37,978. Thus, style A lamp shades would be preferred because it the least expensive out of all three styles. In conclusion, Let There Be Light Lamp Shade Company will be placing a bid for large public buildings in Asia. After analyzing how many lamps shades can be loaded into the intermodal container and the total cost of delivering, the company will be placing a bid with style A lamp shades. References Murphy, P. R. , & Wood, D. F. (2011). Contemporary Logistics. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.

Self-Pity as a Dominant Emotion in Sor Juanas Reply to Sor Filotea de la Cruz Free Essay Example, 1250 words

But as silence is a negative thing, though it explains a great deal through the very stress of not explaining, we must assign some meaning to it that we may understand what the silence†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (De la Cruz 8). In the reply, Sor Juana tells the reader about the ways in which the society was determined to ensure that women remained helpless. The society did this by ensuring that it bound and suppressed them by maintaining a male dominant environment. The society discouraged women from attending school because they were supposed to sit at home, do home chores and take care of children. In her reply, Sor Juana shows that she had the desire to learn but the society could not support her because she was a woman. She says that, â€Å"no teacher besides books themselves. † (De la Cruz 53) She had to study books on her own without the help of teachers. On the other hand boys of her age went to school and were taught be teachers. It is because of her intelligence and hard work tha t she managed to pursue her goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Self-Pity as a Dominant Emotion in Sor Juana's Reply to Sor Filotea de la Cruz or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Sor Juana shows the reader the struggle she passed through teaching herself several subjects that she lists throughout the text. (De la Cruz 53). The society did not allow women to be educated or put their ideas in writing. The society did not find anything useful that women would write. Her reply clearly shows the society’s position on the right of women to study and their courage to affirm their scholarly prowess. The church that was supposed to be non-partisan did not help much to ensure that women had better lives. Her letter shows that the Catholic Church expected women to adhere to its strict doctrines. In fact, during the early 1690s, the Catholic Church criticized and condemned sensual women. The doctrine advocated for male domination in the society. Men were the only people allowed to be church leaders. The church advocated for subordination of women creating household chores mandate for them. It stated that household chores were a set of workout activities or gymnastics that was important for women. She narrates the hardship that she had to pass though as a woman to gain or get though certain hardships. For instance she says, â€Å"I made myself a rule that if by the time it [her hair] had grown back to the same length†¦I would cut my hair off again to punish my dull-wittedness. † (De la Cruz 51). As a woman, she had to set targets and achieve them for her own good. Nobody cared to know whether she met targets or not because the society perceived women as weak human beings.

Civil Rights in Criminal Justice Sexual Harassment

Every company has set policies concerning unprofessional behavior, ethics, and discrimination. It is each person’s responsibility to do the right thing when no one is watching. However, there are always those that think they are above the law so to speak. It is an organizations responsibility to uphold their policies and reprimand those that break them. Unfortunately, often times covert harassment, such as, sexual harassment goes unnoticed or ignored until a victim comes forth. According to According to Rubin (1995), â€Å"Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 covers sexual harassment with respect to compensation, terms and conditions of employment†¦ Sexual harassment is when a person receives unwanted sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, physical and/or verbal sexual overtones† (Rubin, 1995, p.3). Rubin (1995) discusses two types of sexual harassment: Quid pro quo is when an employee is forced into sexual activity under the threat that he/she will have a highly held benefit taken away and hostile work environment is when an employee is forced into sexual activity under the rouse that he/she will be given a highly held benefit and the behavior is extremely detrimental by altering the original terms of employment (Rubin, 1995). Such benefits could be job loss, raises, promotions/demotions, positive/negative performance evaluations, awards etc. As with any organization, female officers endure a constant barrage of discriminatory actions so organizations must enforceShow MoreRelatedCriminal Justice Trends Evaluation1581 Words   |  7 Pages394 WEEK 1 Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation John Doe CJA 394 October 01, 2001 Jane Doedy Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation The criminal justice system is forever adjusting to protect and serve a changing society. The paper evaluates, identifies and assesses recent future and current trends affecting the criminal justice system. Lastly, it defines the values of the system in a changing society. 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Asian Americans Exclusion and Segregation - 576 Words

The United States of America is the place of opportunity and fortune. â€Å"Many immigrants hoped to achieve this in the United States and similar to other immigrants many people from the Asian Pacific region hoped to make their fortune. They had it in their minds to either return to their homelands or build a home in their new country (Spring, 2013).† For this reason, life became very complicated for these people. They faced many challenges in this new country, such as: classifying them in terms of race and ethnicity, denying them the right to become naturalized citizens, and rejecting them the right for equal educational opportunities within the school systems. â€Å"This combination of racism and economic exploitation resulted in the educational policies to deny Asians schooling or to provide segregated schooling (Spring, 2013).†This was not the country of opportunity and fortune as many believed. It was the country of struggle and hardship. Therefore, like many othe r immigrants, they had the determination to overcome these obstacles that they faced to prove that the United States was their home too. The terms Asian American, Asian Pacific American, and Asian Pacific Islander are all used to describe residents of the United States. Who themselves are from or their ancestors were from the Asian Pacific region of the world. â€Å"Although the term Asian American may bring to mind someone of Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Korean, Filipino, or Asian Indian descent, the U.S. Census BureauShow MoreRelatedThe Unequal Treatment Of Minority Groups Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pagesgroups of people. The two important models of minority exclusion that have been discussed as being shared among Native Americans, African Americans, and Asian Americans are apartheid and economic or political disempowerment. Apartheid is a model that was mostly seen during the â€Å"pre-civil rights race relations in the U.S.†(Week 3 Lecture 1). 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Effective Organizational Culture Free-Samples Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Organizational Behaviour on Employee Performance. Answer: Introduction: Organizational behaviour is an extremely critical concept that determines the way all the activities associated within the business process. Organizational behaviour focuses on developing effective organizational culture so that it can keep the entire workforce motivated towards the provided responsibilities. Organizational behaviour includes both psychological and physical aspects that can have impact on the overall performance level of the employees. Many studies have been conducted on the organizational behaviour concept in order to highlight the kind of impact it can have on the performance level. In this study, the focus would be on identifying the impact of organizational behaviour on the performance level of the employees. For that reason, the study will focus on selecting three articles on the organization behaviour from the Academy of Management Journal, Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes and Journal of Management to highlight the kind of impact it can hav e on the performance level of the employees. The study will also focuses on highlighting the similarity and differences among the three articles to evaluate the topic in an effective manner. It will also help the study to identify the factors that can have impact on the overall performance level of the employees. Similarities among the three articles: The first article, Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance illustrates that engagement level of the employees have given the opportunity to the organizations to enhance the performance level of employees (Rich, Lepine and Crawford 2010). It has provided comprehensive explanation regarding the relationship among the employees with the performance level of the employees. The article aims on using key mechanism explaining relationship with different type of organizational factors, individual characteristics and job performances. On the other hand, second article The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees has focuses on highlighting the significant relationship between HR practices with employee performances. The article has highlighted the necessity of using strategic human resource management (SRHM) for fulfilling all the responsibilities associated with the business processes. The article has mentioned that businesses have to face many uniq ue challenges from the market on regular basis. Therefore, it induces employees to tackle unique challenges on regular basis (Kehoe and Wright 2013). For that reason, HR management will have to focus on developing comprehensive recruitment and reward system in order to keep the performance level of the employees at the desired level. The article has mentioned that employee perception on the HR practices can also have major impact on the motivational and performance level of the employees. Third article, Linking ethical leadership to employee performance: The roles of leadermember exchange, self-efficacy, and organizational identification focuses on highlighting the importance of maintaining ethics in the leadership practices in order to keep the employees motivated towards their roles and responsibilities. This article has used the concept of social exchange, social identify theories and social learning for highlight the significance of maintaining ethics in the business environment (Walumbwa et al. 2011). Thus, all three articles has highlighted the significance of maintaining proper relationship among the employees working in different departments and position in order to keep the performance level of the employees at the desired level. Thus, all three articles have emphasized on developing strong relationship with all level of employees in order to keep the performance level of the employees at the desired order. Thus, all three articles have focused on developing effective communication culture among the departments in order to motivate employees to give their best at the workplace. Differences among the three articles: However, all three articles have focused on evaluating different areas of organizational behaviour that can have impact on the overall organizational performances. The first article has highlighted the significance of maintaining effective employee engagement in order to keep the performance level of the employees at the desired level. The article has mentioned that effective use of employee engagement perspectives help organizations to create positive psychological impact on the employee perception (Rich, Lepine and Crawford 2010). As a result, it increases the satisfaction level of the employees in a major way. Therefore, it induces employees to give their best for the fulfilment of organizational goals and objectives comprehensively. On the contrary, the second article has focused on highlighting the role of human resource management team in keeping the performance level of the employees at the desired level. It has been assessed that changing needs and wants of the customers induces organizations to initiate new and innovative strategies on regular basis. For that reason, employees also have to face huge amount of challenges for completing all the organizational responsibilities. The article has illustrated that organizational culture should focus on meeting the perceived needs of the employees in order to keep them motivated towards the roles and responsibilities of the organization (Kehoe and Wright 2013). Unlike first article, it has not focused on assessing the employee engagement perspective for highlighting the impact on the overall performance level. On the other hand, third article has focused on highlighting the importance of maintaining ethics on the leadership style for encouraging employees to give their best at the workplace. It has highlighted the kind of impact proper utilization of supervisor or managers can have on the psychological aspect of the employees. It illustrates that appropriate exchange between executive levels of employees and managers can increases the motivational and satisfaction level of the employees, which will eventually create positive impact on the overall performance level. Thus, the third article has not only focused on the employee perspective on the HR roles or activities (Walumbwa et al. 2011). Rather it has tried to cover all areas of the operational process that can be affected by the unethical practices of leadership styles. Unlike first article, it has only focused on the communicational pattern between leaders and executive level of employees and its impact on the overall performance level . Thus, all three articles have used different aspects for evaluating the overall performance level of the employees. Any possible reconciliation of the opposing points in the three articles: All three articles have focused on identifying the way of enhancing the performance level of the employees. However, each of the articles has looked to analyze different factor that can have impact on the performance level of the employees. The first article has mentioned that effective use of employee engagement allows creating greater psychological impact on the performance level. For that reason, it has included Kahns engagement theory for highlighting the significance of maintaining physical, emotional and cognitive factors at the desired level. The article has mentioned that organizations need to be careful about all the factors for fulfilling the responsibilities associated with the businesses (Rich, Lepine and Crawford 2010). On the other hand, second article has focused on developing proper perception about the HR practices for encouraging the employees to give their best at the workplace. Thus, it emphasizes the fact maintaining positive attitude and behaviour towards the HR practices can allow the organizations to keep positive work culture (Kehoe and Wright 2013). Otherwise, employees might feel de-motivated to perform all the responsibilities in an effective manner. Third article has highlighted the significance of developing effective leadership procedure for encouraging the employees to give their best at the workplace. It has highlighted that leadership can induce employees to create positive attitude towards the successful fulfilment of all the provided professional responsibilities. From the assessment, it can be identified that both first and second articles are providing opposing views for encouraging employees to give their best at the workplace. The first article is focusing more on developing effective communicational network among the employees for encouraging them to give their best at workplace. Second article is primarily focusing on the reward and benefit structure developed by the HR management for inducing employees to give their best at the workplace (Kehoe and Wright 2013). On the other hand, third article has highlighted the significance of using effective leadership style for keeping the performance level at the desired order (Walumbwa et al. 2011). All three articles have highlighted different factors for creating positive impact on the motivation or satisfaction level of the employees. Thus, keeping the satisfaction and motivational level of the employees at the desired order is ultimate thing for maximizing the performance level of the employe es. Integration of the information contained in the three articles: From the three articles, it can be assessed that keeping the motivational level of the employees at the desired order is essential for achieving business aims and objectives. For that reason, organizations need to focus on developing several unique strategies in which employees can feel an integral part of the organization. From the first article, it can be assessed that keeping effective employee communicational network is extremely important for fulfilling all the responsibilities. Effective communicational structure allows organizations to share all the necessary information to the employees holding different designation. Therefore, it reduces any possibility of arising confusion within the workplace (Rich, Lepine and Crawford 2010). Moreover, it also helps employees to understand each other comprehensively, which will create positive impact on both employee engagement and organizational performance level. From the second article, it can be illustrated that appropriate use of HR p ractices is essential for fulfilling all the requirements in an effective manner. Supportive rules and regulations by HR allow employees to remain secure about their position in the workplace that will eventually create positive impact on the employee performance level (Kehoe and Wright 2013). From the third article, it can be highlighted the effective use of leadership style is critical for motivating employees to give their best at the workplace. Appropriate use of leadership style will allow organizations to include employees on critical decision-making process. As a result, it would encourage employees to feel themselves as an integral part of the organization (Walumbwa et al. 2011). Thus, all three articles have highlighted the importance of developing appropriate work culture within the organization for enhancing the present level of performances of the employees. Integrated interpretation of the three articles to a specific work or organizational situation: In the present business context, organizations look to utilize innovative strategies and procedure for achieving competitive advantage in the market. Now, keeping the internal environment of the organization at the desired level is among the prime aim of the organization. It allows organizations to keep the employees happy and satisfied towards the provided roles and responsibilities. For instance, effective use of employee engagement will allow organizations to initiate different innovative strategies without facing too many challenges. As a result, it will help the organizations to keep the competitive advantage level in the market. On the other hand, appropriate use of HR practices will help organizations to minimize the challenges associated with the attrition rate in an effective way. For that reason, organizations generally try to provide different types of additional benefits to all the employees in order to encourage them to give their best at the workplace. Moreover, the thi rd article has highlighted the significance of using comprehensive leadership style for keeping the overall performance level of the organizations (Walumbwa et al. 2011). Now, organizations always focus on identifying the best possible leadership strategies for covering all aspect of the operational process. It has induced organizations to invest more on the resources to complete all the activities related to the operational procedure. Conclusion: The illustration of the above three article has highlighted the fact that several factors can have impact on the overall performance level of the employees. For that reason, organizations will have to focus on utilizing all the factors in such a way so that it can create positive influence on the overall performance level of the employees. For instance, organizations need to focus on developing appropriate HR strategies along with leadership support to encourage employees to give their best for fulfilling all the requirements of the operational procedure. It will also help organizations to counter all the future challenges related to the business process in an comprehensive manner. References: Kehoe, R.R. and Wright, P.M., 2013. The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors.Journal of management,39(2), pp.366-391. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebecca_Kehoe/publication/247570089_The_Impact_of_High_Performance_HR_Practices_on_Employees'_Attitudes_and_Behaviors/links/56bcdfd708ae5e7ba40f8ad0.pdf Rich, B.L., Lepine, J.A. and Crawford, E.R., 2010. Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance.Academy of management journal,53(3), pp.617-635. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bruce_Rich/publication/258130125_Job_engagement_Antecedents_and_effects_on_job_performance/links/00b4952715cc99c402000000.pdf Walumbwa, F.O., Mayer, D.M., Wang, P., Wang, H., Workman, K. and Christensen, A.L., 2011. Linking ethical leadership to employee performance: The roles of leadermember exchange, self-efficacy, and organizational identification.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,115(2), pp.204-213. https://scholarship.sha.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1762context=article